汽车CAN总线设计规范对于CAN节点的输入电容有着严格的规定，每个节点不允许添加过多容件，否则节点组合到一起后，会导致总线波形畸变，通讯错误增加。具体如表1所示。为汽车测试标准GMW3122中的输入电容标准。所以每个厂家在上车前，都要测试CAN节点DUT（被测设备）的CANH对地、CANL对地、CANH对CANL的输入电容。方法一般是使用GMW3122汽车测试标准中的CAN方法。如图所示。表1GMW3122输入电容标准负载电容放电时间定义T=0.721*（t2-t1）Cbusin和Cin测试原理（ECU输出线从上往下为CANCANL、GND）Cbusin1=/RiCin=/2RiCdiff测试原理（CANnode输出线从上往下为CANCANL、GND）Cdiff=Cbusin2-Cin而这样的测试方法，有着比较大的局限性，只能看一个波形的放电时间进行测量和计算，人工误差较大，通过多次的统计，然后进行平均，非常消耗时间。

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CAN总线通讯已经从汽车电子行业逐渐向各行各业铺开使用了，轨道交通、矿井监控等。在设计CAN总线接口电路时需要注意哪些问题呢？对于提高CAN总线节点的可靠性而言，离不开隔离、总线阻抗匹配、总线保护等，在设计CAN节点时要注意这些点以提高总线电路可靠性和安全性。隔离信号隔离隔离收发器可将总线和控制电路进行电气隔离，将高压阻挡在控制系统之外，可以有效地保证操作人员的人身及系统安全。不仅如此，隔离可以由接地电势差、接地环路引起的各种共模干扰，保证总线在严重干扰和其他系统级噪声存在的情况下不间断、无差错运行。

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冷却壁的冷却原理是通过冷却壁形成一个密闭的围绕高炉炉壳内部的冷却结构、实现对耐火材料的冷却和对炉壳的直接冷却。从而起到延长耐火材料使用寿命和保护炉壳的作用。在送风支管中间的黑色区域即为冷却壁目前有哪些手段检测送风支管？目前在炼铁厂通常使用红外测温仪、热电偶来进行冷却壁的检测。上述手段检测冷却壁存些问题？因1块冷却壁的面积有大约2平方米，使用红外测温仪和热电偶无法在短时间内（一般高炉定检时间为8-12小时）将高炉安装的数百块冷却壁全部有效检测，这就导致了漏检隐患。